Difference between revisions of "Drakine"

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[[File:Drakine.png|300px|right|Rune sheet]]
 
[[File:Drakine.png|300px|right|Rune sheet]]
−
'''Drakine''' (natively ''Drákirou'') is a language spoken as the native tongue of all [[Euthoran]] [[dragons]] and is derived slightly from early [[Acaranian (Language)|Acaranian]]. While it can be taught to and understood by humans and other non-dragon races, its harsh sounds are tailored to a dragon's throat and vocal cords and thus some words are often unpronounceable by anyone other than a dragon. '''Archaic Drakine''' is an early form of Drakine, no longer used in conversation, and is far more similar to Acaranian orthography than '''modern Drakine''' is.
+
'''Drakine''' (natively ''Drákirou'' /drækiroʊ/, ''Dragon Voice'') is a language spoken as the native tongue of all [[Euthoran]] [[Dragon (Euthora)|dragons]] and is a descendant of early [[Acaranian (Language)|Acaranian]]. While it can be taught to and understood by humans and other beings, its harsh sounds are suited to a dragon's capabilities. As such, some words are often unpronounceable by non-dragons. '''Archaic Drakine''' is the earliest form of Drakine, no longer in use, and is far more similar to Acaranian than '''modern Drakine''' is.
 +
 
 +
Native speakers of Drakine (primarily dragons) have a noticeable, sibilant and growling accent and may be difficult to understand in languages they are not used to speaking. Due to the rarity of contractions in the language, the lack of difference between object and subject pronouns, and the fact that minor words such as "of" are often optional, it is common for dragons speaking in other languages (particularly Common) to have strange or broken grammar. This also leads to dragons taking a somewhat formal tone.
  
 
==General Information==
 
==General Information==
−
Drakine consists of twenty-three consonants, eight vowels, five diphthongs, two miscellaneous sounds, and six variants of other letters. The language is characterized by heavy use of vowels and sibilants in many words, as well as a distinct growling or hissing accent due to the structure of a dragon's mouth. Its vocabulary works with a "root sound" system, in which certain sounds have certain connotations and may be put together to make words.
+
Drakine consists of twenty-five consonants, eight vowels and five diphthongs. The language is characterized by heavy use of vowels and sibilants in many words and the dragons' "hissing" accent (due to the structure of a dragon's mouth). Its vocabulary works with a "root" system: designated "base words" or "roots" when combined give rise to words with other meanings.
 +
 
 
===Language History===
 
===Language History===
−
The first instance of archaic Drakine can be pinpointed to the first few generations of dragons after that of [[Skyking Shyr]]'s offspring. As Shyr himself was raised speaking early Acaranian, he taught the language to his offspring, and natural corruption of the language occurred due to inability to properly articulate certain words, or even simply because it was easier to use some sounds than others. At some point during the mid-Radiant Era, written Drakine was finalized in cooperation between [[Skyking Ausurath]], [[Skyqueen Sahiri]], and a handful of scholarly humans. This created a more formalized way of spelling most words; previously, humans had written Drakine according to Acaranian orthography, but the presence and absence of certain sounds made this impractical.
+
The earliest known form of Drakine can be placed in the era following the birth of [[Skyking Shyr]]'s offspring. As Shyr himself was raised speaking early Acaranian, he passed on the tongue to his descendants. Naturally, the language accumulated variations and corruptions as it was spread and passed down generation to generation. At some point during the mid-Radiant Era, [[Skyking Ausurath]], [[Skyqueen Sahiri]], and a handful of scholarly humans developed and finalised a written form of Drakine. This formalized the spellings of most words; previously, humans worte in Drakine using the Acaranian script, which was difficult—sounds present in Drakine were absent in Acaranian, and vice-versa.
  
 
==Phonology==
 
==Phonology==
−
===Alphabet===
+
===Consonants===
−
====Consonants====
+
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
! rowspan="2" | '''''Drakine Consonants'''''
 
! rowspan="2" | '''''Drakine Consonants'''''
 
! colspan="2" | '''Labial'''
 
! colspan="2" | '''Labial'''
−
! '''Dental '''
+
! colspan="2" | '''Dental '''
 
! colspan="2" | '''Alveolar'''
 
! colspan="2" | '''Alveolar'''
 
! colspan="2" | '''Post-Alveolar'''
 
! colspan="2" | '''Post-Alveolar'''
Line 24: Line 26:
 
! ''Unvoiced''
 
! ''Unvoiced''
 
! ''Voiced''
 
! ''Voiced''
 +
! ''Bidental''
 
! ''Unvoiced''
 
! ''Unvoiced''
 
! ''Unvoiced''
 
! ''Unvoiced''
Line 38: Line 41:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Nasal'''
 
| '''Nasal'''
−
| colspan="2" | ɱ
+
| colspan="2" | ɱ (m)
−
|
+
| colspan="2" |  
−
| colspan="2" | n
+
| colspan="2" | n (n)
 
| colspan="5" |
 
| colspan="5" |
−
| colspan="2" | ŋ
+
| colspan="2" | ŋ (ng)
 
| colspan="2" |
 
| colspan="2" |
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Plosive'''
 
| '''Plosive'''
−
| colspan="3" |
+
| colspan="4" |
−
| t
+
| t (t)
−
| d
+
| d (d)
 
| colspan="5" |
 
| colspan="5" |
−
| k
+
| k (k)
−
| g
+
| g (g)
 
|
 
|
−
| ʔ
+
| ʔ (-)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Sibilant'''
 
| '''Sibilant'''
−
| colspan="3" |
+
| colspan="4" |
−
| s
+
| s (s)
−
| z
+
| z (z)
 
| colspan="2" |
 
| colspan="2" |
−
| ɕ
+
| ɕ (sh)
−
| ʑ
+
| ʑ (zh)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Fricative'''
 
| '''Fricative'''
−
| f
+
| f (f)
−
| v
+
| v (v)
−
| θ
+
| h̪͆ (x)
 +
| θ (th)
 
| colspan="10" |
 
| colspan="10" |
−
| rowspan="2" | h
+
| rowspan="2" | h (h)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Approximant'''
 
| '''Approximant'''
−
| colspan="9" |
+
| colspan="10" |
−
| j
+
| j (y)
 
|
 
|
−
| w
+
| w (w)
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Affricate'''
 
| '''Affricate'''
−
| colspan="3" |
+
| colspan="4" |
−
| ts
+
| t͡s (ts)
−
|
+
|  
−
| t∫
+
| t͡ʃ (ch)
−
| dʒ
+
| d͡ʒ (j)
 
| colspan="7" |
 
| colspan="7" |
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Lateral'''
 
| '''Lateral'''
−
| colspan="4" |
+
| colspan="5" |
−
| l
+
| l (l)
 +
| colspan="9" |
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Rhotic'''
 
| '''Rhotic'''
−
| colspan="3" |
+
| colspan="4" |
−
| colspan="2" | r
+
| colspan="2" | r (r)
 
| colspan="7" |
 
| colspan="7" |
−
| ʀ
+
| ʀ (r)
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| '''Percussive'''
 +
| colspan="2" |
 +
| ʭ (ç)
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
*Additionally, Drakine uses the consonant /h̪͆/, which cannot be placed on the above chart.
 
  
−
====Vowels====
+
===Vowels===
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 500px"
 +
!rowspan=2 colspan=2 width="50px" |
 +
!colspan="2" | Front
 +
!colspan="1" | Central
 +
!colspan="2" | Back
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| ''Unrounded''
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| ''Rounded''
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| ''Variable''
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| ''Unrounded''
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| ''Rounded''
 +
|-
 +
!scope="row" colspan=2| Close
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| i (i)
 +
|colspan="3" |
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| u (u)
 +
|-
 +
!scope="row" colspan=2| Near-close
 +
|colspan="4" style="text-align: center"|
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| ʊ (u)
 +
|-
 +
!scope="row" colspan=2| Close-mid
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| e (e)
 +
|colspan="3" |
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| o (o)
 +
|-
 +
!scope="row" colspan=2| Mid
 +
|colspan="1" |
 +
|colspan="3" |
 +
|colspan="1" |
 +
|-
 +
!scope="row" colspan=2| Open-mid
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| ɛ (e)
 +
|colspan="2" |
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| ʌ (ú)
 +
|colspan="1" |
 +
|-
 +
!scope="row" colspan=2| Near-open
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| æ (é, áe)
 +
|colspan="4" |
 +
|-
 +
!scope="row" colspan=2| Open
 +
|colspan="3" |
 +
|colspan="1" style="text-align: center"| ɑ (a)
 +
|colspan="1" |
 +
|}
 +
 
 
====Diphthongs====
 
====Diphthongs====
−
====Miscellaneous Sounds====
 
−
Drakine makes use of the bidental percussive /ʭ/ (romanized as ç) and the glottal stop /ʔ/ (romanized as a hyphen).
 
−
====Letter Variants====
 
−
These letters can, under certain circumstances, change sound slightly. They do not use different characters or romanizations, with the exception of the eí variant of /ei/.
 
−
*eí --- /ei/ (turns /r/ into /ʀ/, velarizes /l/, aspirates /d/)
 
−
*r --- /ʀ/ (Only in tandem with eí variant of /ei/)
 
−
*l --- /ɫ/ (Only in tandem with eí variant of /ei/)
 
−
*d --- /dʰ/ (Only in tandem with eí variant of /ei/)
 
−
*u --- /ʊ/ (Only appears in diphthongs)
 
−
*ie --- /je/ (Only occurs after the consonants: /n/ /ŋ/ /t/ /d/ /dʒ/ and /r/)
 
−
====Alphabetical Order====
 
−
m n ng t d ts s z sh zh k g f v th ch j r h w y l x e é ei eí i a ai au o u ú ou - ç
 
−
===Phonotactics===
 
  
−
==Grammar==
+
{| class="wikitable" style="width:40%"
−
===Orthography===
+
! Diphthong
−
====Romanization====
+
| '''ai''' || '''ei''' || '''eí''' || '''ou''' || '''au''' || '''je'''
−
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''Romanization'''
+
! Pronunciation
−
| m
+
| /ai/ || /ei/ || /ei/ || /oʊ/ || /aʊ/ || /je/
−
| n
+
−
| ng
+
−
| t
+
−
| d
+
−
| k
+
−
| g
+
−
| s
+
−
| z
+
−
| sh
+
−
| zh
+
−
| f
+
−
| v
+
−
| th
+
−
| h
+
−
| y
+
−
| w
+
−
| ts
+
−
| ch
+
−
| j
+
−
| l
+
−
| r
+
−
| x
+
−
| i
+
−
| u
+
−
| e
+
−
| o
+
−
| é
+
−
| ú
+
−
| á
+
−
| a
+
−
| -
+
−
| ç
+
−
| ai
+
−
| ei
+
−
| eí
+
−
| ou
+
−
| au
+
−
|-
+
−
| '''IPA'''
+
−
| /ɱ/
+
−
| /n/
+
−
| /ŋ/
+
−
| /t/
+
−
| /d/
+
−
| /k/
+
−
| /g/
+
−
| /s/
+
−
| /z/
+
−
| /ɕ/
+
−
| /ʑ/
+
−
| /f̺/
+
−
| /v̺/
+
−
| /θ/
+
−
| /h/
+
−
| /j/
+
−
| /w/
+
−
| /ts/
+
−
| /t∫/
+
−
| /dʒ/
+
−
| /l/
+
−
| /r/
+
−
| /h̪͆/
+
−
| /i/
+
−
| /u/
+
−
| /e/
+
−
| /o/
+
−
| /ɛ/
+
−
| /ʌ/
+
−
| /æ/
+
−
| /ɑ/
+
−
| /ʔ/
+
−
| /ʭ/
+
−
| /ai/
+
−
| /ei/
+
−
| /ei/ <ref name="eí footnote">[http://manaverse.zejroleplaying.org/index.php?title=Drakine#Footnotes], turns /r/ into /ʀ/, velarizes /l/, aspirates /d/</ref>
+
−
| /oʊ/
+
−
| /aʊ/
+
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
* The following C-V clusters (all involving '''''eí''''') are pronounced as such:
 +
** ''reí'': /ʀei/
 +
** ''eíl'': /eiɫ/
 +
** ''deí'': /dʰei/
 +
* '''''ie''''' pronounced as /je/ appears only after /n/ /ŋ/ /t/ /d/ /d͡ʒ/ and /r/.
 +
 +
===Alphabet===
 +
 +
[Note to kuda: put the script here]
 +
 +
m n ng t d ts s z sh zh k g f v th ch j r h w y l x e é ei eí i a ai au o u ú ou - ç
 +
 +
===Phonotactics===
 +
 +
==Grammar==
 +
===Nouns===
 +
 +
 +
===Verbs===
 +
 +
 +
===Roots===
  
 
==Vocabulary==
 
==Vocabulary==
−
{{Main|Page=Drakine/Vocabulary}}
+
{{Main|1=Drakine/Vocabulary}}
 
Drakine's vocabulary works with a "root phoneme" system, in which sounds are assigned connotations and merged together to create words. In most cases the roots themselves are not words, though there are exceptions.
 
Drakine's vocabulary works with a "root phoneme" system, in which sounds are assigned connotations and merged together to create words. In most cases the roots themselves are not words, though there are exceptions.
  
Line 209: Line 197:
 
!Drakine
 
!Drakine
 
!IPA
 
!IPA
−
!English
+
!Literal Common
 +
!Translation
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Akor en kuu, teílosr-ta ziel
+
|Dásimféa etati rua siiu nihtir rua zoutour-tait vér satiilféa.
−
|/ˈɑk.or en kuː tei.ˈɫo.sːrʔtɑ ˈzi.el/
+
|
−
|Power of water, wind, and earth
+
|Place into your claws all your weight and the void watch.
 +
|Put all your weight into your hands and stare into the void.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Siir ait miir sta tia asa féravel
+
|Elean ru dasféá saseiféa?
−
|/sːiːr ait miːr sːtɑ ˈti.ɑ ˈɑ.sːɑ ˈfɛr.ɑ.vel/
+
|
−
|Turn the fire back to its birth
+
|What you do observe?
 +
|What do you see?
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Áfru ait riat ti isol ait miara
+
|Ait vér ru satiilsei?
−
|/ˈæf.ru ait ˈri.ɑt ti ˈi.sːol ait mi.ˈɑ.rɑ/
+
|
−
|Raise the spell to seal the flame
+
|The void you watching?
 +
|The void staring back?
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Arás ait akor relt karu seiára
+
|Rur-tait vér vauki tsifézu, ro-ria.
−
|/ɑr.ˈæsː ait ˈɑk.or relt kɑ.ˈru sːei.ˈæ.rɑ/
+
|
−
|By the power we have tamed
+
|You and the void identical are, I say.
 +
|You and the void are one and the same, I think.
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Footnotes==
+
==External Links==
−
#Turns /r/ into /ʀ/, velarizes /l/, aspirates /d/
+
*Drakine's development: [http://keileon.createmybb3.com/forum-10.html]
  
 
[[Category:Dragons]][[Category:Euthora]][[Category:Languages]]
 
[[Category:Dragons]][[Category:Euthora]][[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 23:23, 27 October 2016

Rune sheet

Drakine (natively Drákirou /drækiroʊ/, Dragon Voice) is a language spoken as the native tongue of all Euthoran dragons and is a descendant of early Acaranian. While it can be taught to and understood by humans and other beings, its harsh sounds are suited to a dragon's capabilities. As such, some words are often unpronounceable by non-dragons. Archaic Drakine is the earliest form of Drakine, no longer in use, and is far more similar to Acaranian than modern Drakine is.

Native speakers of Drakine (primarily dragons) have a noticeable, sibilant and growling accent and may be difficult to understand in languages they are not used to speaking. Due to the rarity of contractions in the language, the lack of difference between object and subject pronouns, and the fact that minor words such as "of" are often optional, it is common for dragons speaking in other languages (particularly Common) to have strange or broken grammar. This also leads to dragons taking a somewhat formal tone.

General Information

Drakine consists of twenty-five consonants, eight vowels and five diphthongs. The language is characterized by heavy use of vowels and sibilants in many words and the dragons' "hissing" accent (due to the structure of a dragon's mouth). Its vocabulary works with a "root" system: designated "base words" or "roots" when combined give rise to words with other meanings.

Language History

The earliest known form of Drakine can be placed in the era following the birth of Skyking Shyr's offspring. As Shyr himself was raised speaking early Acaranian, he passed on the tongue to his descendants. Naturally, the language accumulated variations and corruptions as it was spread and passed down generation to generation. At some point during the mid-Radiant Era, Skyking Ausurath, Skyqueen Sahiri, and a handful of scholarly humans developed and finalised a written form of Drakine. This formalized the spellings of most words; previously, humans worte in Drakine using the Acaranian script, which was difficult—sounds present in Drakine were absent in Acaranian, and vice-versa.

Phonology

Consonants

Drakine Consonants Labial Dental Alveolar Post-Alveolar Alveo-Palatal Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Unvoiced Voiced Bidental Unvoiced Unvoiced Voiced Unvoiced Voiced Unvoiced Voiced Voiced Unvoiced Voiced Variable Variable
Nasal ɱ (m) n (n) ŋ (ng)
Plosive t (t) d (d) k (k) g (g) ʔ (-)
Sibilant s (s) z (z) ɕ (sh) ʑ (zh)
Fricative f (f) v (v) h̪͆ (x) θ (th) h (h)
Approximant j (y) w (w)
Affricate t͡s (ts) t͡ʃ (ch) d͡ʒ (j)
Lateral l (l)
Rhotic r (r) ʀ (r)
Percussive ʭ (ç)


Vowels

Front Central Back
Unrounded Rounded Variable Unrounded Rounded
Close i (i) u (u)
Near-close ʊ (u)
Close-mid e (e) o (o)
Mid
Open-mid ɛ (e) ʌ (ú)
Near-open æ (é, áe)
Open ɑ (a)

Diphthongs

Diphthong ai ei eí ou au je
Pronunciation /ai/ /ei/ /ei/ /oʊ/ /aʊ/ /je/
  • The following C-V clusters (all involving eí) are pronounced as such:
    • reí: /ʀei/
    • eíl: /eiɫ/
    • deí: /dʰei/
  • ie pronounced as /je/ appears only after /n/ /ŋ/ /t/ /d/ /d͡ʒ/ and /r/.

Alphabet

[Note to kuda: put the script here]

m n ng t d ts s z sh zh k g f v th ch j r h w y l x e é ei eí i a ai au o u ú ou - ç

Phonotactics

Grammar

Nouns

Verbs

Roots

Vocabulary

Main Article: Drakine/Vocabulary

Drakine's vocabulary works with a "root phoneme" system, in which sounds are assigned connotations and merged together to create words. In most cases the roots themselves are not words, though there are exceptions.

Example Texts

Drakine IPA Literal Common Translation
Dásimféa etati rua siiu nihtir rua zoutour-tait vér satiilféa. Place into your claws all your weight and the void watch. Put all your weight into your hands and stare into the void.
Elean ru dasféá saseiféa? What you do observe? What do you see?
Ait vér ru satiilsei? The void you watching? The void staring back?
Rur-tait vér vauki tsifézu, ro-ria. You and the void identical are, I say. You and the void are one and the same, I think.

External Links

  • Drakine's development: [1]
Retrieved from "https://manaverse.zejroleplaying.org/index.php?title=Drakine&oldid=4410"